Ą, Ę (ogonek — nasal vowels)
ą /ɔ̃/ sounds like French 'on': mąka, ząb. ę /ɛ̃/ sounds like French 'in': ręka, węzeł. Type a= or e= in Quick Compose, or ` + a/e in TypeIt.
Ć, Ń, Ś, Ź (acute — palatalized)
Soft consonants: ć /tɕ/ (być), ń /ɲ/ (koń), ś /ɕ/ (miś), ź /ʑ/ (źródło). Type c=, n=, s=, z= in Quick Compose or ' + letter in TypeIt.
Ł (stroke — /w/ sound)
Pronounced like English 'w': łódź, piłka, młody. Type l= in Quick Compose or / + l in TypeIt.
Ó (acute — /u/ sound)
Same pronunciation as u: góra = gura, ból = bul. Type o= in Quick Compose or ' + o in TypeIt.
Ż (overdot — hard retroflex /ʐ/)
Same sound as 'rz': żaba, nóż, jeżyk. Type z== in Quick Compose (double equals). Distinct from ź (soft, z-acute).
Common mistakes
lodz vs łódź (city), los vs łoś (elk — homograph), zolw vs żółw (turtle). Use the diacritic checker for dictionary hints.